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Working long hours has a greater negative impact on women than men because it makes them more likely to smoke, drink coffee and eat unhealthy food. Both sexes consume less alcohol if they spend more time working, researchers said, but toiling extra hours makes women crave unhealthy snacks. "Women who work long hours eat more high-fat and high-sugar snacks, exercise less, drink more caffeine and, if smokers, smoke more than their male colleagues," said Dr. Daryl O'Connor, a researcher at Britain's Leeds University. "For men, working longer hours has no negative impact on exercise, caffeine intake or smoking," O'Connor said in a statement released by the Economic and Social Research Council, which funded his study. O'Connor's team of scientists were studying the impact of stress on eating habits. They looked at what causes stress at home and at work and how people react to it. The results show that stressful events such as making a presentation, a meeting with the boss or missing a deadline were linked to eating more between-meal snacks and fewer or smaller portions of fruits and vegetables. "Stress disrupts people's normal eating habits," he said. The people who were most vulnerable were so-called emotional eaters. "These individuals have higher levels of vulnerability and tend to turn to food as an escape from self-awareness," O'Connor said. "When they feel anxious or emotionally aroused or negative about themselves, they try to avoid these negative feelings by turning their attention to food." |
工作時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng)對(duì)于女性的消極影響要比男性大，因?yàn)檫@會(huì)導(dǎo)致女性吸煙、喝咖啡以及吃不健康的食品。 據(jù)研究人員介紹，男性和女性工作的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)，飲酒就會(huì)越少，而長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的工作則會(huì)讓女性很想吃那些不健康的零食。 英國(guó)利茲大學(xué)的研究人員達(dá)里爾·歐·科諾博士說(shuō)：“長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作的女性會(huì)吃更多高脂肪、高糖量的零食，同時(shí)，她們鍛煉身體的機(jī)會(huì)減少，會(huì)喝更多含咖啡因的飲料，而且，如果她們抽煙，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作會(huì)使她們的吸煙量比男同事還要多。” 歐·科諾博士在經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)研究理事會(huì)發(fā)表的一份聲明中說(shuō)：“對(duì)于男性來(lái)說(shuō)，工作時(shí)間長(zhǎng)則不會(huì)在鍛煉身體、咖啡因攝入及吸煙方面產(chǎn)生不良影響。” 歐·科諾博士及研究小組的科學(xué)家們研究了壓力對(duì)飲食習(xí)慣造成的影響。他們對(duì)家庭和工作中造成壓力的因素及人們有何反應(yīng)做了調(diào)查研究。 結(jié)果表明，一些能給人造成壓力的事件，如，做演講、見(jiàn)老板或錯(cuò)過(guò)了某事的最后期限，會(huì)導(dǎo)致人們?cè)诜钦蜁r(shí)間吃更多的零食，而水果和蔬菜卻吃得較少。 他說(shuō)：“壓力會(huì)打亂人們正常的飲食習(xí)慣。” 最易受此影響的人被稱為“情緒化食者”。 歐科諾博士說(shuō)：“這些人的心理比較脆弱，往往會(huì)用吃東西的方法來(lái)分散自己的注意力。” “當(dāng)他們感到焦急、情緒激動(dòng)或?qū)ψ约簺](méi)有信心時(shí)，他們就會(huì)把注意力轉(zhuǎn)移到食物上去，以此來(lái)克服消極情緒。” |
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