binocular hemianopia <Chinese>雙眼偏盲
binocular microscope <Chinese>雙目顯微鏡
Binswanger disease<Chinese> 賓斯萬格病（皮質下腦病）
biopsy <Chinese>活檢
Biot's respiration <Chinese>比奧呼吸（間歇性呼吸暫停，見于顱內壓增高）
bipolar neuron <Chinese>雙極神經元
bitamporal <Chinese>顳側
bitemporal hemianopia <Chinese>顳側偏盲
bithionol <Chinese>硫雙二氯酚
black-out syndrome <Chinese>黑蒙綜合征
blackouts <Chinese>黑朦
bladder <Chinese>膀胱
blastoneuropore <Chinese>胚神經孔
blepharoptosis <Chinese>瞼下垂
blepharospasm <Chinese>瞼痙攣
blink reflex <Chinese>瞬目反射
blink <Chinese>眨眼
blood-brain barrier <Chinese>血腦屏障
blood-CSF barrier <Chinese>血腦脊液屏障
blood-nervus barrier <Chinese>血神經屏障
Blumenau's nucleus <Chinese>布路門奧核（楔核外側核）
Blumenbach's clivus <Chinese>布盧門巴赫斜坡（與枕骨底突相連的蝶骨斜坡）
Blumenbach's process <Chinese>篩骨鉤突
blurring <Chinese>模糊
body of lateral ventricle <Chinese>側腦室體部
body， corpus， complex <Chinese>體
Bonnier's syndrome <Chinese>邦尼埃綜合征（前庭神經外側核或前庭束損害）
Bornholm disease <Chinese>流行性肌痛
Bourneville's disease <Chinese>結節硬化癥
boutons en passant <Chinese>旁結
boutons terminaus <Chinese>終結
bouts <Chinese>發作
bowel <Chinese>直腸
boxing encephalopathy <Chinese>拳擊員腦炎
brachcephaly <Chinese>短頭
brachial plexus <Chinese>臂叢
brachium conjunctivum <Chinese>結合臂
brachium pontis <Chinese>腦橋臂
brachium <Chinese>臂
brachycranic <Chinese>短顱的（顱指數為81.0至84.9）
bradycardia <Chinese>心動過緩
bradykinesia <Chinese>運動遲緩
bradylalia <Chinese>言語遲緩
bradylexia <Chinese>閱讀過慢
bradylogia <Chinese>言語過慢
bradyphemia <Chinese>言語過慢
bradyphrasia <Chinese>遲語癥
bradyphrenia <Chinese>智力遲鈍（流行性乙型腦炎）
bradypragia <Chinese>動作過慢
brain， encephalon<Chinese> 腦
Brain's reflex <Chinese>布雷恩反射（當病人采取四足位置時，偏癱性屈曲上臂伸直）
brainstem <Chinese>腦干
briskly <Chinese>活躍
Brissaud's syndrome <Chinese>交叉性面痙攣偏癱綜合征
Broca's area <Chinese>布若卡氏區
Brodmann's areas <Chinese>布勞德曼區（大腦皮層細胞結構分區）
bromazepam <Chinese>溴基安定
bromazolam <Chinese>寧神定
bromocriptine <Chinese>溴隱亭
Brown-Sequard syndorme <Chinese>脊髓半切綜合征
Brudzinski sign <Chinese>布魯金斯基征
Bruns' syndrome <Chinese>布倫斯綜合征（第四腦室包囊蟲眩暈綜合征）
Budge's center <Chinese>布吉氏中樞
Buerger disease <Chinese>閉塞性血栓性脈管炎
bufetolol <Chinese>丁呋心安
Buiswangen disease <Chinese>缺血性白質腦病
bulbar paralysis <Chinese>球麻痹
Burdach's columns <Chinese>布爾達赫柱（脊髓楔束）
Burdach's fasciculus <Chinese>布爾達赫束（大腦上縱束）
Burdach's fibers <Chinese>布爾達赫纖維
Burdach's fissure <Chinese>布爾達赫裂（腦島外側面和島蓋內面間裂）
Burdach's nucleus <Chinese>布爾達赫核（楔束核）
buspirone <Chinese>丁螺環酮
cabernous sinus <Chinese>海綿竇
cacesthesia <Chinese>感覺異常
cachinntion <Chinese>癔病狂笑
cafe au lait spots <Chinese>咖啡牛乳色斑
caffeine <Chinese>咖啡因
Caffey disease <Chinese>嬰兒骨皮質增生癥
Cajal's cells <Chinese>卡哈爾細胞（星形膠質細胞）
Cajal's double method <Chinese>卡哈爾雙重染色法（顯示神經節細胞）
Cajal's method <Chinese>卡哈爾染色法（顯示星形膠質細胞）
calan <Chinese>卡蘭
calcar avis <Chinese>禽距
calcarine fissure <Chinese>距狀裂
calcified <Chinese>鈣化
Calleja's islets <Chinese>卡耶哈島（海馬回嗅覺小島）
callosal suleus <Chinese>胼胝體溝
callosum<Chinese> 胼胝體
caloric nystagmus <Chinese>溫熱性眼球震顫
caloric test<Chinese>冷熱試驗
Canavan disease <Chinese>海綿狀腦白質營養不良癥candida <Chinese>念珠菌
canine hysteria <Chinese>犬驚病
canine spasm <Chinese>痙笑
caprylhydroxamic acid <Chinese>辛酰氧肟酸capsule <Chinese>囊
carbamazepine <Chinese>卡馬西平
carbechal <Chinese>氨甲酰膽堿
carbenicillin <Chinese>羧芐青霉素
carbidopa <Chinese>卡比多巴
cardiac plexus <Chinese>心叢
cardio-accelerating center<Chinese>心加速中樞
cardio-encephalopathy <Chinese>心性腦病
cardio-inhibitor center <Chinese>心抑制中樞
cardioneurosis <Chinese>神經性循環衰弱
cardioplegia <Chinese>心麻痹