問題1：什么是豬流感？

Q1. What is swine influenza?
 問題1：什么是豬流感？

豬流感是一種發(fā)生在豬身上的高度傳染性急性呼吸道疾病，由A型流感病毒引起。 
Swine influenza (swine flu) is an acute viral infection of the respiratory tract in pigs caused by type A influenza virus.  
 
豬的死亡率較低，且通常能在7至10天內(nèi)痊愈。 
The mortality rate is low in pigs and recovery usually occurs within 7-10 days.  
 
迄今為止，在豬身上共發(fā)現(xiàn)3種A型流感病毒的子類型：H1N1, H1N2 和 H3N2。 
So far three influenza type A virus subtypes: H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 have been found in pigs. 
 
問題2：豬流感能傳染人類么？ 
Q2. Can swine influenza infect humans? 
 
是的。自20世紀(jì)50年代以來，就已經(jīng)檢測到有人類感染豬流感，患者通常和豬有直接的接觸（例如：豬場工人等）。 
Yes. Human infections with swine influenza have been detected occasionally since the late 1950s usually in persons with direct exposure to pigs (e.g. people working in pig farms, etc.).  
 
據(jù)悉，自1958年來，歐洲共計(jì)有17個(gè)病例。 
In Europe, since 1958 a total of 17 cases have been reported.  
 
1976年，在美國新澤西州的迪克斯堡軍營的新兵中也有人感染豬流感。 
In the US, an outbreak of swine influenza virus infections in humans was detected in recruits in a military camp in Fort Dix, New Jersey in 1976. 
 
當(dāng)時(shí)，人們猜測這與豬有關(guān)，但沒有最終發(fā)現(xiàn)（證據(jù)）。 
A link to pigs was presumed but never discovered.  
 
后來，疫情開始在人與人之間廣泛傳播，結(jié)果導(dǎo)致200多人感染，12人住院，1人死亡。 
Instead there was extensive human to human transmission, with over 200 infections resulting in 12 hospitalisations and one death 
 
問題3：人類感染豬流感后有哪些癥狀？ 
Q3. What are the symptoms of swine influenza in humans? 
 
人類感染豬流感后的癥狀通常與患流行性感冒癥狀相似，包括突然高燒、呼吸系統(tǒng)癥狀，還可能伴隨腹瀉癥狀。 
Symptoms of swine influenza in humans are usually similar to regular human seasonal influenza symptoms, involving fever of sudden onset and respiratory symptoms, diarrhoea might also occur. 
 
問題4：人類是怎么被傳染的？ 
Q4. How do humans get infected? 
 
通常，豬流感最可能通過與豬直接接觸或近距離接觸而傳染。 
Most commonly, swine influenza is transmitted through direct contact or close proximity with pigs. 
 
其次，人與人之間的傳播在過去也有報(bào)道，但實(shí)屬罕見。 
Secondary cases following human to human transmission have been reported in the past but they are very rare.  
 
這種病毒不會(huì)因?yàn)槭秤秘i肉及豬肉產(chǎn)品而傳播。 
This virus is not transmitted from eating pork or pork products. 
 
問題5：有治療豬流感的疫苗么？ 
Q5. Is there a vaccine against swine influenza? 
 
有。現(xiàn)在有防止豬感染豬流感的疫苗，但是目前還沒有疫苗讓人類免受豬流感的侵害。 
Yes, there is a vaccine available for pigs against swine influenza, but there is no vaccine to protect humans from swine influenza. 
 
問題6：人類感染豬流感能被治愈么？ 
Q6. Can swine influenza in humans be treated? 
 
大多數(shù)豬流感病毒對(duì)抗病毒藥物，例如：抑制劑（奧司他韋和扎那米韋）很敏感。 
Most swine influenza viruses have been susceptible to antiviral medications such as neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir and zanamivir). 
 
但是，近期在美國和墨西哥發(fā)現(xiàn)的病毒對(duì)抑制劑很敏感，卻對(duì)amantadanes有抵抗力。 
The virus that was currently detected in the US and Mexico is susceptible to neuraminidase inhibitors but resistant to amantadanes. 
 
問題7：為什么美國和墨西哥的局勢代表了一個(gè)新的問題？ 
Q7. Why do the situations in the US and Mexico represent a new problem? 
 
在美國加州、得克薩斯州和墨西哥發(fā)現(xiàn)的新型豬流感病毒包含了豬類、禽類以及人類的基因。這種結(jié)合在世界上是史無前例的。 
The novel swine influenza virus that has now been found in the two US states California and Texas and in Mexico contains pig, bird and human genes, in a combination that has never been observed before anywhere in the world. 
 
問題8：去墨西哥、加州或得克薩斯州旅游安全么？ 
Q8. Is it safe to travel to Mexico, California or Texas? 
 
截止目前，世界衛(wèi)生組織和美國疾病預(yù)防控制中心還沒有發(fā)布任何消息，禁止到墨西哥、加州或得克薩斯州疫區(qū)旅游。 
There is no statement from the World Health Organisation (WHO) or the US CDC concerning any travel restriction to the affected regions in Mexico, California or Texas.  
 
在此，建議那些想要前往墨西哥、加州或得克薩斯州的人們到世衛(wèi)組織官網(wǎng)、本國外交部或公共為生部門網(wǎng)站進(jìn)行咨詢。 
Persons who intend to travel to Mexico, California or Texas are advised to consult the WHO website and websites of their ministries of foreign affairs or national public health institutes.  
 
問題9：如果我想去墨西哥、加州或得克薩斯州旅游，我該怎樣保護(hù)自己呢？ 
Q9. What can I do to protect myself if I want to travel to Mexico, California or Texas? 
 
避免與病人親密接觸。 
Avoiding close contact with people who are sick.  
 
為避免將病毒傳染給他人，自己生病時(shí)，請(qǐng)和他人保持距離。 
When you are sick, keep your distance from others to protect them from getting sick too. 
 
生病期間不要上班、上學(xué)、外出辦事，盡量待在家中。 
Staying home from work, school, and errands when you are sick. 
 
咳嗽、打噴嚏時(shí)用紙巾掩住口鼻。用過后，請(qǐng)將紙巾丟進(jìn)垃圾桶中。 
Covering your mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing or sneezing. Throw the tissue in the trash after you use it. 
 
此外，經(jīng)常洗手也能有效防止細(xì)菌的入侵。 
Washing your hands often will help protect you from germs.